Heart Failure Treatment in Frail Older Adults: Balancing Guidelines and Individual Needs Prepared by Dr Siti Khairizan Rahim Supervised by Dr Rizah Mazzuin Razali Case Summary Heart failure in older adults significantly aggravates frailty, malnutrition and cachexia and impacts overall prognosis. Frailty causes further functional decline, hospitalisation, longer hospital stays and a higher mortality rate. While malnutrition in heart failure is due to appetite loss, malabsorpti

The Upholding of the No- A broken toenail to the end of life Prepared by: Navena Sharma Supervisor: Dr Yusliza Azreen Case Summary Madam M, a 71 year old lady with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and significant vascular comorbidities, had a history of right below knee amputation (2020) and lacunar infarct (2022) without residual neurological deficit; clinical frailty scale of 6. Wheel chair bound since her amputation, she required assistance with transfers and showering but

Headache in Parkinson Disease – An Out-of-the-Box Approach Prepared by: Dr Loganayagee Subramaniam Supervisor: Dr Goh Cheng Beh, Dr Tan Hui Loo Madam A, an 84-year-old Chinese lady with multiple comorbidities was admitted on 21/2/2026 with generalized body weakness, loss of appetite, and shortness of breath for one week. Comorbidities: 1. Hypertension 2. Parkinson’s disease 3. Major neurocognitive disorder (mixed AD + VAD / Parkinson disease dementia with BPSD) 4. Osteoporosi